Description:

Hypertonic Saline 3% w/v Infusion BP 100ml (available in Ghana) is a sterile, hypertonic intravenous solution containing 3% sodium chloride. It is used primarily as a source of water and electrolytes to correct severe hyponatremia (low blood sodium), treat symptomatic hyponatraemic encephalopathy, reduce intracranial pressure in cases of cerebral edema (e.g., traumatic brain injury, stroke), or manage conditions requiring rapid serum sodium increase/osmotic effects. It draws fluid from tissues into the bloodstream due to its high osmolarity.

Prescription: Prescription-only (Rx). Administered only by healthcare professionals in a hospital or clinical setting with monitoring (e.g., ECG, electrolytes, vital signs), often requiring upload of prescription in Ghanaian online pharmacies.

Therapeutic Category:

Electrolyte replenisher / Hypertonic solution / Osmotic agent (for hyponatremia correction and cerebral edema management).

Active Ingredients/Composition:

Sodium Chloride 3 g per 100 ml (3% w/v). Provides approximately 513 mEq/L sodium and 513 mEq/L chloride. Calculated osmolarity: ~1027 mOsmol/L (hypertonic). pH: ~5.0 (range 4.5-7.0). Excipients: Water for Injection (sterile, non-pyrogenic); no preservatives in most BP formulations.

Vitamins: None.

Minerals: Sodium (as sodium chloride); chloride (as sodium chloride). No additional minerals.

Variant: 3% w/v strength in 100 ml volume (small bag/bottle for bolus or controlled infusion; larger volumes like 250 ml or 500 ml exist for other indications, but 100 ml is common for precise dosing in Ghana listings).

Consume Type:

Intravenous (IV) infusion only – administered via large vein (central preferred for prolonged use, peripheral acceptable short-term under monitoring to avoid phlebitis).

Directions/Usage: Administered only under medical supervision with frequent monitoring of serum sodium, osmolality, and vital signs.

• For severe symptomatic hyponatremia: Often 100 ml IV over 10 minutes (or 2-3 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes); may repeat limited doses. Goal: Increase serum Na by 4-6 mEq/L in 24 hours (max 8 mEq/L/24h to avoid osmotic demyelination).
• For cerebral edema/raised ICP: Bolus (e.g., 2-5 ml/kg over 10-30 minutes) or controlled infusion (e.g., 0.5-1 ml/kg/h) titrated to effect. Use infusion pump for controlled rate; never rapid push unless emergency. Adjust based on lab results and clinical response. Not for routine hydration.

Common Side Effects:

• Local: Phlebitis, vein irritation, pain/redness at infusion site (especially peripheral).
• Systemic: Hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, fluid overload (pulmonary edema, hypertension), metabolic acidosis (hyperchloremic).
• Other: Chills, fever, hypotension (infusion reactions), tremor, rash, pruritus. Serious (rare): Osmotic demyelination (if overcorrected), heart failure exacerbation, seizures. Monitor closely to prevent complications.

Package Type:

100 ml flexible PVC bag or glass/plastic bottle (single-dose, sterile; often in individual packaging with administration set compatibility).

Storage Advice: Store at room temperature (below 25-30°C), protected from light and freezing. Do not use if solution is discoloured or contains particles. Keep out of reach of children.

Safety Advice:

• Administer via large vein/central line preferred to minimize vein damage; use infusion pump.
• Contraindicated in hypernatremia, severe renal failure, or fluid overload states without careful monitoring.
• Risk of overcorrection leading to central pontine myelinolysis—limit Na rise to 8-12 mEq/L per 24h.
• Monitor electrolytes frequently (every 2-4 hours initially).
• Caution in heart failure, hypertension, edema, or pregnancy (use if benefits outweigh risks).
• Hypersensitivity reactions possible—stop if rash, hypotension, or chills occur.
• Not for subcutaneous/IM use.

Product Substitutes: Other hypertonic saline 3% infusions (e.g., generic 3% NaCl in 100 ml/250 ml/500 ml from importers or local suppliers like Atlantic Lifesciences or Entrance Pharmaceuticals in Ghana). Alternatives: Mannitol 20% (for cerebral edema), 5% NaCl (higher strength for severe cases), or oral salt tablets/fluid restriction for milder hyponatremia—consult physician per guidelines (e.g., Ghana Standard Treatment Guidelines or hospital protocols).

Manufacturer/Marketer:

Varies by batch; often imported generics (e.g., from India via suppliers like GenAide Pharmaceutical or other FDA-listed foreign manufacturers). Marketed/distributed in Ghana by local pharmacies (e.g., Trafalgar Gate Pharma, AlphaDelta Pharmacy, Allschoolabs) or hospital suppliers. No specific single manufacturer dominates; common in Ghana’s essential medicines supply.

Country of Origin:

Primarily India (common source for generics in Ghana) or other countries with FDA Ghana-approved facilities (e.g., per licensed foreign manufacturers list); assembled/marketed in Ghana where applicable.